Other significant standards include the UL 752 by the Underwriters Laboratories, known internationally for its rigorous testing protocols for protective gear.

Russia, a major military power, has several widely applied standards, like the GOST 34286—2017 for body armor classification and general specifications and the GOST 34282—2017 for armored vehicle protection.

In the UK, the latest standard for body armor, HOSDB “Body Armour Standards for UK Police” 2017 edition, replaced the 2007 version. Germany commonly uses the SCHUTZKLASS standard, last updated in 2008 for body armor and the VPAM-APR 2021 for armored vehicles. The European Union has adopted EN 1522—1998 for the ballistic resistance of windows, doors, and shutters and EN 1063—1999 for testing and classifying bullet-resistant glass, replacing older standards like the German DIN 52290 and the British BS 5051.

NATO, as a significant international military organization, has developed numerous standards, including STANAG 2920 for the ballistic testing of personal armor and combat clothing and STANAG 4569 for the protection levels of armored vehicle occupants.

China has been continually updating its standards in response to advances in protection materials and evolving threats. Notably, standards such as GA 141—2010 for police body armor, GA 164—2018 for specialized cash transport vehicles, and GA 165—2016 for bullet-resistant transparent materials, among others, have been pivotal.

As weaponry and ballistic threats evolve, so do protection standards globally, necessitating ongoing adjustments to meet new protective needs. Researchers in the field must understand and master these international standards. The primary methods for evaluating armor material’s ballistic resistance include classifying materials based on their resistance to bullet threats, determining a protection factor, and measuring the materials’ limit of penetration speed, v50. The first method is most commonly used in standards, while the latter two are often employed for evaluating homogeneous armor like armored steel.

In conclusion, this serious ofblog aims to summarize and analyze the protective levels and main bullet penetration capabilities of current international ballistic standards.
It also briefly discusses specific requirements regarding bullet types and testing conditions outlined in various standards. The kinetic energy E of a bullet is calculated using the formula:

                                                                            E = 1/2 mv^²